Which of the following are considered primary activities in the value chain model?

The primary activities in the value chain model are essential processes that directly contribute to the creation and delivery of products or services. They encompass a series of steps that begin with receiving raw materials and culminate in the delivery of a finished product to the customer.

Inbound logistics refers to the activities associated with receiving, storing, and disseminating inputs to the product. Operations involve transforming inputs into the final product, making it a crucial step in manufacturing or service delivery. Outbound logistics covers the activities required to get the finished goods to the customer, while marketing and sales are responsible for strategies that make potential customers aware of the products and encourage their purchase. Finally, after-sales service involves support provided after a purchase, which can enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty.

These activities are fundamental to producing value for customers and driving competitive advantage, as they are directly concerned with the core functions that facilitate the flow of goods and services from inception to consumption. Understanding these primary activities is vital for anyone involved in procurement and supply chain management, as they highlight where efficiency can be improved and where value can be added.