What are capital requirements in the context of barriers to entry?

In the context of barriers to entry, capital requirements refer specifically to the start-up costs necessary to establish a business. These costs can include expenses related to acquiring assets, such as equipment, facilities, and initial inventory, along with other necessary expenditures like licensing and regulatory compliance. High capital requirements can deter new entrants from joining a market, as the financial investment needed to compete effectively might be prohibitive.

Understanding capital requirements is crucial for analyzing market dynamics. Industries with significant capital requirements often have fewer competitors, as only those with sufficient financial backing can afford to enter. This creates a barrier that protects established firms from new competition, allowing them to maintain their market share and pricing power. Thus, the substantial initial investment is what makes option C the correct answer in this scenario.